IPP-USB(8)

NAME
ipp-usb - Daemon for IPP over USB printer support

DESCRIPTION
ipp-usb daemon enables driver-less printing and scanning on USB-only AirPrint-compatible printers and MFPs.

It works by connecting to the device by USB using IPP-over-USB protocol, and exposing the device to the network, including DNS-SD (ZeroConf) advertising.

IPP printing, eSCL scanning and web console are fully supported.

SYNOPSIS

  Usage:
ipp-usb mode [options]

  Modes are:

standalone
    run forever, automatically discover IPP-over-USB devices and serve them all

udev
    like standalone, but exit when last IPP-over-USB device is disconnected

debug
    logs duplicated on console, -bg option is ignored

check
    check configuration and exit. It also prints a list of all connected devices

  Options are

-bg run in background (ignored in debug mode)

NETWORKING
Essentially, ipp-usb makes printer or scanner accessible from the network, converting network-side HTTP operations to the USB operations.

By default, ipp-usb exposes device only to the loopback interface, using the localhost address (both 127.0.0.1 and ::1, for IPv4 and IPv6, respectively). TCP ports are allocated automatically, and allocation is associated with the particular device, so the next time the device is plugged on, it will get the same port. The default port range for TCP ports allocation is 60000-65535.

This default behavior can be changed, using configuration file. See CONFIGURATION section below for details.

If you decide to publish your device to the real network, the following things should be taken into consideration:

1.  Your private device will become public and it will become accessible by other computers from the network

2.  Firewall rules needs to be updated appropriately. The ipp-usb daemon will not do it automatically by itself

3.  IPP over USB specification explicitly require that the Host field in the HTTP request is set to localhost or localhost:port. If device is accessed from the real network, Host header will reflect the real network address. Most of devices allow it, but some are more restrictive and will not work in this configuration.

DNS-SD (AVAHI INTEGRATION)
IPP over USB is intended to be used with the automatic device discovery, and for this purpose ipp-usb advertises all devices it handles, using DNS-SD protocol. On Linux, DNS-SD is handled with a help of Avahi daemon.

DNS-SD advertising can be disabled via configuration file. Also, if Avahi is not installed or not running, ipp-usb will still work correctly, although DNS-SD advertising will not work.

For every device the following services will be advertised:
Instance | Type | Subtypes
Device name | _ipp._tcp | _universal._sub._ipp._tcp
Device name | _printer._tcp |
Device name | _uscan._tcp |
BBPP | _ipp-usb._tcp |

Notes:

○   Device name is the name under which device appears in the list of available devices, for example, in the printing dialog (it is DNS-SD device name, in another words), and for most of devices will match the device's model name. It is appended with the " (USB)" suffix, so if device is connected via network and via USB simultaneously, these two connections can be easily distinguished. If there are two devices with the same name connected simultaneously, the suffix becomes " (USB NNN)", with NNN number unique for each device, for disambiguation. In another words, the single "Kyocera ECOSYS M2040dn" device will be listed as "Kyocera ECOSYS M2040dn (USB)", and two such a devices will be listed as "Kyocera ECOSYS M2040dn (USB 1)" and "Kyocera ECOSYS M2040dn (USB 2)"

○   _ipp._tcp and _printer._tcp are only advertises for printer devices and MFPs

○   _uscan._tcp is only advertised for scanner devices and MFPs

○   for the _ipp._tcp service, the _universal._sub._ipp._tcp subtype is also advertised for iOS compatibility

○   _printer._tcp is advertised with TCP port set to 0. Other services are advertised with the actual port number

○   BBPP, used for the _ipp-usb._tcp service, is the USB bus (BB) and port (PP) numbers in hex. The purpose of this advertising is to help CUPS and other possible "clients" to guess which devices are handled by the ipp-usb service, to avoid possible conflicts with the legacy USB drivers.

CONFIGURATION
ipp-usb searched for its configuration file in two places:

1.  /etc/ipp-usb/ipp-usb.conf

2.  ipp-usb.conf in the directory where executable file is located

Configuration file syntax is very similar to .INI files syntax. It consist of named sections, and each section contains a set of named variables. Comments are started from # or ; characters and continues until end of line:

    # This is a comment
    [section 1]
    variable 1 = value 1  ; and another comment
    variable 2 = value 2

  Network parameters
Network parameters are all in the [network] section:

    [network]
      # TCP ports for HTTP will be automatically allocated in the following range
      http-min-port = 60000
      http-max-port = 65535
      # Enable or disable DNS-SD advertisement
      dns-sd = enable      # enable | disable
      # Network interface to use. Set to `all` if you want to expose you
      # printer to the local network. This way you can share your printer
      # with other computers in the network, as well as with iOS and Android
      # devices.
      interface = loopback # all | loopback
      # Enable or disable IPv6
      ipv6 = enable        # enable | disable

  Logging configuration
Logging parameters are all in the [logging] section:

    [logging]
      # device-log  - what logs are generated per device
      # main-log    - what common logs are generated
      # console-log - what of generated logs goes to console
      #
      # parameter contains a comma-separated list of
      # the following keywords:
      #   error     - error messages
      #   info      - informative messages
      #   debug     - debug messages
      #   trace-ipp, trace-escl, trace-http - very detailed per-protocol traces
      #   trace-usb - hex dump of all USB traffic
      #   all       - all logs
      #   trace-all - alias to all
      #
      # Note, trace-* implies debug, debug implies info, info implies error
      device-log    = all
      main-log      = debug
      console-log   = debug
      # Log rotation parameters:
      #   log-file-size    - max log file before rotation. Use suffix M
      #                      for megabytes or K for kilobytes
      #   log-backup-files - how many backup files to preserve during rotation
      #
      max-file-size    = 256K
      max-backup-files = 5
      # Enable or disable ANSI colors on console
      console-color = enable # enable | disable

  Quirks
Some devices, due to their firmware bugs, require special handling, called device-specific quirks. ipp-usb loads quirks from the /usr/share/ipp-usb/quirks/*.conf files and from the /etc/ipp-usb/quirks/*.conf files. The /etc/ipp-usb/quirks directory is for system quirks overrides or admin changes. These files have .INI-file syntax with the content that looks like this:

    [HP LaserJet MFP M28-M31]
      http-connection = keep-alive
    [HP OfficeJet Pro 8730]
      http-connection = close
    [HP Inc. HP Laser MFP 135a]
      blacklist = true
    # Default configuration
    [*]
      http-connection = ""

For each discovered device, its model name is matched against sections of the quirks files. Section names may contain glob-style wildcards: * that matches any sequence of characters and ? , that matches any single character. To match one of these characters (* and ?) literally, use backslash as escape.

Note, the simplest way to guess the exact model name for the particular device is to use ipp-usb check command, which prints a list of all connected devices.

All matching sections from all quirks files are taken in consideration, and applied in priority order. Priority is computed using the following algorithm:

○   When matching model name against section name, amount of non-wildcard matched characters is counted, and the longer match wins

○   Otherwise, section loaded first wins. Files are loaded in alphabetical order, sections read sequentially

If some parameter exist in multiple sections, used its value from the most priority section

The following parameters are defined:

○   blacklist = true | false
    If true, the matching device is ignored by the ipp-usb

○   http-XXX = YYY
    Set XXX header of the HTTP requests forwarded to device to YYY. If YYY is empty string, XXX header is removed

○   usb-max-interfaces = N
    Don't use more that N USB interfaces, even if more is available

○   disable-fax = true | false
    If true, the matching device's fax capability is ignored

○   init-reset = none | soft | hard
    How to reset device during initialization. Default is none

○   init-delay = NNN
    Delay, in milliseconds, between device is opened and, optionally, reset, and the first request is sent to device

○   request-delay = NNN
    Delay, in milliseconds, between subsequent requests

If you found out about your device that it needs a quirk to work properly or it does not work with ipp-usb at all, although it provides IPP-over-USB interface, please report the issue at https://github.com/OpenPrinting/ipp-usb. It will let us to update our collection of quirks, so helping other owners of such a device.

FILES

○   /etc/ipp-usb/ipp-usb.conf: the daemon configuration file

○   /var/log/ipp-usb/main.log: the main log file

○   /var/log/ipp-usb/<DEVICE>.log: per-device log files

○   /var/ipp-usb/dev/<DEVICE>.state: device state (HTTP port allocation, DNS-SD name)

○   /var/ipp-usb/lock/ipp-usb.lock: lock file, that helps to prevent multiple copies of daemon to run simultaneously

○   /usr/share/ipp-usb/quirks/*.conf: device-specific quirks (see above)

○   /etc/ipp-usb/quirks/*.conf: device-specific quirks defined by sysadmin (see above)

COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) by Alexander Pevzner (pzz@apevzner.com, pzz@pzz.msk.ru)
All rights reserved.

This program is licensed under 2-Clause BSD license. See LICENSE file for details.

SEE ALSO
cups(1)