Python: programació amb el Python

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# Programació amb scripts en Python

A Python macro is a function within a .py file, identified as a module. Unlike LibreOffice Basic and its dozen of UNO objects functions or services, Python macros use the XSCRIPTCONTEXT UNO single object, shared with JavaScript and BeanShell. The g_exportedScripts global tuple explicitly lists selectable macros from a module. Python modules hold autonomous code logic, and are independent from one another.

## Variable global XSCRIPTCONTEXT

Genuine Basic UNO facilities can be inferred from XSCRIPTCONTEXT global variable. Refer to LibreOffice API for a complete description of XSCRIPTCONTEXT. XSCRIPTCONTEXT methods summarize as:

Mètodes | Descripció | Mapped in Basic as
getDocument() | La referència del document en el que pot operar l'script. | ThisComponent
getDesktop() | La referència de l'escriptori en el que pot operar l'script. | StarDesktop
getComponentContext() | The component context which the script can use to create other uno components. | GetDefaultContext

HelloWorld and Capitalise installation shared scripts illustrate UNO-related macros making use of XSCRIPTCONTEXT global variable.

Python standard output file is not available when running Python macros from Tools - Macros - Run Macro menu. Refer to Input/Output to Screen for more information.

## Importació de mòduls

XSCRIPTCONTEXT is not provided to imported modules.

LibreOffice Basic libraries contain classes, routines and variables, Python modules contain classes, functions and variables. Common pieces of reusable Python or UNO features must be stored in My macros within (User Profile)/Scripts/python/pythonpath. Python libraries help organize modules in order to prevent module name collisions. Import uno.py inside shared modules.

Genuine BASIC UNO facilities can be inferred using uno.py module. Use Python interactive shell to get a complete module description using dir() and help() Python commands.

Funcions | Descripció | Mapped in Basic as
absolutize() | Retorna un URL de fitxer absolut dels URL indicats. |
createUnoStruct() | Creates a UNO struct or exception given by typeName. | CreateUNOStruct()
fileUrlToSystemPath() | Retorna un camí del sistema. | ConvertFromURL()
getClass() | Returns the class of a concrete UNO exception, struct, or interface. |
getComponentContext() | Returns the UNO component context used to initialize the Python runtime. | GetDefaultContext()
Enum() getConstantByName() | Looks up the value of an IDL constant by giving its explicit name. | Vegeu els grups constants d'API
isInterface() | Retorna Cert, si l'objecte és una classe d'una interfície UNO. |
systemPathToFileUrl() | Retorna un URL de fitxer per a la camí de sistema indicat. | ConvertToURL()

LibreLogo and TableSample installation shared scripts use uno.py module.

## Més exemples Python-Basic

UNO en Python | Funcionalitats bàsiques de l'UNO
ctx = uno.getComponentContext() smgr = ctx.getServiceManager() obj = smgr.createInstanceWithContext( .. , ctx) | CreateUnoService()
See Opening a Dialog | CreateUnoDialog()
See Creating a Listener | CreateUnoListener()
Vegeu els tipus de dades UNO | CreateUnoValue() CreateObject()
| EqualUnoObjects()
ctx = uno.getComponentContext() smgr = ctx.getServiceManager() | GetProcessServiceManager()
def hasUnoInterfaces(obj, *interfaces): return set(interfaces).issubset(t.typeName for t in obj.Types) | HasUnoInterfaces()
| IsUnoStruct()
ctx = uno.getComponentContext() smgr = ctx.getServiceManager() DESK = 'com.sun.star.frame.Desktop' desktop = smgr.createInstanceWithContext(DESK , ctx) | StarDesktop
desktop = smgr.createInstanceWithContext(DESK , ctx) doc = desktop.CurrentComponent | ThisComponent

## Importació d'un mòdul integrat

Similarly to LibreOffice Basic that supports browsing and dynamic loading of libraries, Python libraries can be explored and imported on demand. For more information on library containers, visit LibreOffice Application Programming Interface (API) or download LibreOffice Software Development Kit (SDK).

Importing a Python document embedded module is illustrated below, exception handling is not detailed:

                import uno, sys

                def load_library(library_name: str, module_name=None):
                    """ càrrega de la biblioteca i importació del mòdul

                    Adaptat de «Bibliothèque de fonctions» d'Hubert Lambert
                    a https://forum.openoffice.org/fr/forum/viewtopic.php?p=286213"""
                    doc = XSCRIPTCONTEXT.getDocument()  # document actual
                    url = uno.fileUrlToSystemPath( \
                        '{}/{}'.format(doc.URL, 'Scripts/python'+library_name))  # ConvertToURL()
                    if not url in sys.path:  # addició del camí, si cal
                        sys.path.insert(0, url)  # doclib takes precedence
                    if module_name:  # importació, si s'ha sol·licitat
                        return zipimport.zipimporter(url).load_module(module_name)

                def import_embedded_python():
                    ui = load_library("my_gui",'screen_io')  # add <lib> path + import <module>
                    ui.MsgBox(sys.modules.keys())

                g_exportedScripts = (import_embedded_python,)  # Public macros

Temes relacionats

Basic UNO Objects, Functions and Services

Importing Python Modules

Input/Output to Screen

Ajuda dels scripts de Python en el LibreOffice